Melasma, therefore, is a skin disorder that presents itself with skin discoloration that comes out in the form of dark patches. We all know that we get those weird dark spots right when we start aging. It happens because when some parts of the skin produce more melanin it gets darker; Hyperpigmentation is a state that is not life threatening but having a negative impact on the skin and tone is very much a concerning problem. The knowledge one gets from reading this article will help any individual to identify what hyperpigmentation is, the causes, and also how to treat Hyperpigmentation.

What is Hyperpigmentation?

According to the definition which is used worldwide Hyperpigmentation is associated with melanosis. It is basically the production of excess melanin. This is a pigment utilized in skin, hair and the eyes. Any melanin that is produced beyond the necessary amount will cause skin discoloration in the form of sores or blotchy skin, the coloration may include small sores or blotches, or large sores or blotches. It is also defined by the presence of light skin. Not only this but dark skinned areas with no interconnection at all.

Causes of Hyperpigmentation

Sun Exposure 

 These include, of course, exposure to sunlight which is the most frequent cause of the condition. Sunlight particularly the ultraviolet (UV) breaks down the skin cells and stimulates melanin formation hence causing such instances as sun spots or age spots.

 Hormonal Changes 

 Melasma can occur due to hormonal imbalances for example during pregnancy or by using birth control pills. Melasma triggers brownish to grayish hyper-pigmentation and is bilaterally symmetric; hence the name ‘mask of pregnancy. ’ 

Drug Interactions Some of the drugs prescribed to the patients may cause development of hyperpigmentation as a side effect. This means that there are certain drugs that may make your skin react to sun or change color in certain areas due to change in melanin production. Genetics Heredity aspect is also believed to be another cause that is likely to contribute to hyperpigmentation condition. It is also influenced by some factors including; If your family members have hyperpigmentation or skin diseases like acne or eczema, you are bound to have skin pigmentation. 

 Sunspots (Solar Lentigines) 

 Sunspots, also known as liver spots or age spots are brown or black discolored patches on the skin which can be positioned freely on the body but predominantly on the areas which are exposed most often to the sun. They are usually of brown or black color and of different size. 

 Pigmentation results in irregular dispersed discolouration of the skin at the areas that were inflamed or injured. Here, one can note that such diseases as acne, eczema, and many others can cause PIH. 

 Freckles 

 A freckle is a small, flat shaped skin color mark mainly red, brown or black in color that usually develops on areas of skin most exposed to the sun. These are frequent and caused by the inheritance defects and become worse when exposed to the sun.  

 Treatments for Hyperpigmentation 

 Hyperpigmentation treatments involve use of skincare measures and at other occasions medical measures. Here are some common approaches:Here are some common approaches: 

 Topical Treatments 

 These are perhaps the most common weapons in ameliorating hyperpigmentation. These include:  

 Vitamin C: Vitamin C which has antioxidant properties can assist to lighten skin and minimize formation of the color. 

 Retinoids: Hence, using retinoids like retinol and tretinoin help in an upgrading of the skin cells as well as in reduction of the pigmentation. 

 Niacinamide: This can work to bleach the skin especially for those with what is referred to as black skin and enhance the skin's complexion. 

Prescription Medications 

 This is more dependent on the intensity of the hyperpigmentation as well as the specific type and, at times, some dermatologists may prescribe stronger remedies that include prescription hydroquinone as well as the oral medications. 

 

  Avoid Excessive Sun Exposure: Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun especially during the brightest part of the day and where do wear appropriate clothing and head gear. 

 Treat Inflammation Promptly: It is therefore important to treat any inflammatory skin conditions early enough in order to avoid development of PIH. 

 Avoid Picking at Skin: Do not squeeze, scratch or touch the acne lesions or any other skin defects in order to avoid the complications of hyperpigmentation. 

 Conclusion 

 Melasma is a skin condition that affects the color of skin and they have suggested ways on how the condition can be dealt with. Knowledge of the factors that cause dark spots, kinds of dark spots that exist, and the approaches to treatment available will help you prevent and rectify such skin complications. However, if you experience hyper pigmentation, whether as a primary concern or as a result of other skin conditions then it is advisable that you seek a dermatologist for a customized care plan on how best to treat the pigmentation. This condition does not have to be permanent because you can go back to normal and attain even skin tone after due consideration of skin treatments.